蒂莫西·J·里士满 - 2023 - 世界顶尖科学家协会奖

探索未知的科学领域
雕刻更美好的未来

“表彰他们阐明了核小体的原子结构，为揭示染色质、基因调控和表观遗传机制提供了理论基础”

蒂莫西·J·里士满

Timothy J. RICHMOND

2023年世界顶尖科学家协会奖生命科学或医学奖获奖者

瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院生物大分子晶体学名誉教授

人物小传

蒂莫西·J·里士满与卡洛琳·卢格、丹妮拉·罗兹共同获得2023年世界顶尖科学家协会奖“生命科学或医学奖”。

蒂莫西·J·里士满教授出生于美国俄勒冈州科瓦利斯市。他在普渡大学获得了生物化学学士学位。里士满教授首次接触结构生物学是在迈克尔·罗斯曼（Michael Rossmann）教授的实验室。博士研究期间，他在耶鲁大学跟随弗雷德·M·理查兹（Fred M. Richards）教授和汤姆·施泰茨（Tom Steitz）教授学习蛋白质化学和X射线晶体学，重点研究“蛋白质与DNA的相互作用”这一新兴领域。博士毕业后，他选择继续深入自己感兴趣的领域，跟随理查兹研究蛋白质折叠，并推导出了分子表面积的计算分析方程。

1978 年，里士满教授加入英国剑桥MRC分子生物学实验室，成为亚伦·克鲁格（Aaron Klug）爵士实验室的博士后研究员。彼时，丹妮拉·罗兹（Daniela Rhodes）教授刚刚在该实验室制作出核小体核心颗粒（NCP）的首批晶体，而里士满教授的项目就是利用X射线晶体学解决其结构问题。在那个年代，NCP的体积是当时已解析出结构的任何（生物大分子）的两倍，晶体衍射分辨率低至只有7Å ，且用于了解生物结构的同步辐射设施尚不存在。1984年,在低分辨率结构测定方面取得成功后，他成为一名独立研究员，开始了原子级分辨率的NCP结构的研究工作。

1987年，里士满教授被任命为苏黎世联邦理工学院的“生物大分子X射线晶体学教授”。他与才华横溢的博士研究生和博士后一起，成功地阐明了NCP的原子结构，首先是2.8Å（1997年，与卡洛琳·卢格Karolin Luger的合作研究），最终达到1.9Å（2002 年，与柯特·戴维Curt Davey的合作研究）。随后，他利用解析出的核小体原子结构研究了其高阶结构和含核小体的染色质重塑复合体。与此同时，他的实验室还确定了多个转录因子结合DNA复合物的结构，并开发了一种表达系统，用以生产多蛋白复合物。

里士满教授已于2019年荣休，2020年获得瑞士国籍。

个人简介

教育经历

1966-1970年，美国普渡大学生物化学学士
1970-1975年，美国耶鲁大学分子生物化学和生物物理学博士

工作经历

1969-1970年，美国普渡大学生物化学系研究助理
1970-1971年，美国普渡大学生物系研究助理
1971-1973年，美国耶鲁大学分子生物物理学和生物化学系研究生教学研究员
1975-1978年，美国耶鲁大学分子生物物理学和生物化学系博士后研究员（导师：弗雷德·M·理查兹Fred Richards）
1978-1980年，英国剑桥MRC分子生物学实验室博士后研究员（导师：亚伦·克鲁格Aaron Klug）
1980-1987年，英国剑桥MRC分子生物学实验室长聘研究员
1987-2014年，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院分子生物学和生物物理学研究所教授
2005-2009年，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院生物学系副主任/主任
2014-2019年，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院分子生物学和生物物理学研究所名誉教授

主要奖项和荣誉

1984年，马克斯·佩鲁茨奖（马克斯·佩鲁茨信托基金）
1988年，苏黎世化学学会成员
1994年，美国科学促进会（AAAS）会士
1994年，国际纯粹与应用生物物理学联合会成员
1995年，欧洲分子生物学组织（EMBO）成员
1997年，美国宾夕法尼亚大学约翰逊基金会奖
2000年，欧洲科学院院士
2002年，路易斯-让特奖（路易斯-让特医学基金会）
2004年，德国国家科学院院士
2006年，马塞尔·本诺伊斯特奖（马塞尔·本诺伊斯特基金会）
2007年，美国国家科学院院士
2010年，威尔伯·克罗斯奖章（美国耶鲁大学）
2014年，欧洲研究理事会（ERC）高级基金

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